CHAPTER 11
CENTRAL
AND PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEMS
THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
>Brain- The brain is one of the largest and most complex organs in the human body.
It is made up of more than 100 billion nerves that communicate in trillions of connections called synapses.
BRAIN STEM
>Medulla Oblongata- continuous with the spinal cord and contains ascending and descending tracts.
>Pons-superior to the medulla
>Midbrain-superior to the pons
>Reticular Formation-consist of nuclei scattered throughout the brainstem
CEREBELLUM
The term "cerebellum" means little brain. it is attached to the posterior brainstem.
DIENCEPHANON
It is located between the brainstem and the cerebrum. Consist of thalamus, subthalamus, epithalamus and hypothalamus.
>Thalamus- large mass of gray matter that forms the larger dorsal subdivision of the diencephalon.
>SUBTHALAMUS- inferior to the thalamus and it is involve to motor function
>EPITHALAMUS- is superior and posterior to the thalamus. Consist of the habenular nuclei.
>Hypothalamus- Important autonomic and neuroendocrine control center beneath the thalamus.
CEREBRUM
The part of the brain that most people think of when the term brain is mentioned.
MENINGES
Protects the cranial nerve and spinal cord.
>Spinal Cord- The Spinal Cord is connected to the brain and is about the diameter of a human finger. From the brain the spinal cord descends down the middle of the back and is surrounded and protected by the bony vertebral column. The spinal cord is surrounded by a clear fluid called Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF), that acts as a cushion to protect the delicate nerve tissues against damage from banging against the inside of the vertebrae.
CROSS SECTION OF THE SPINAL CORD
The spinal cord consists of peripheral white matter and central gray matter. White matter is organized into columns(funiculi). Gray matter is divided into horns.
THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
>Cranial nerves
Cranial nerves song!!!:>
QUIZZES